A theme is a set of formatting, such as fonts, spacing before and after paragraphs, and text alignment, that applies to content written in the editor. Just as you edit content paragraph by paragraph in the editor, a theme formats content by paragraph type and character type.

ManualWorks separates the content written in the editor from the formatting set in the theme. This has the following benefits.

• You change the look of a document by changing only the theme, without changing the content.

• You reuse a theme you created in many documents.

• You easily make formatting consistent within one document or across many documents.

There are 2 types of themes.

Web

A theme for the web viewer and for creating EPUB¹ files.

PDF

A theme for creating PDF and MS Word files.

You work with themes in the <Style | Theme> menu.

Creating a Theme

To create a theme, follow these steps.

1. Go to the <Style | Theme> menu.

2. Click the <Create Theme> link.

3. Enter and select the “Basics”, such as the name, type, mode, and language.

   • Fonts and numbering formats differ by language, so you must create a theme for each language.

4. Click the Save button.

Editing a Theme

To edit a theme, follow these steps.

1. In the theme list, click the name of the theme whose formatting you want to change.

2. In the left menu, select the paragraph type or character type to format.

3. Set the font color, font style, background color, and other options for that paragraph or character type.

4. After you change the formatting, check the result in the “1Preview”.

5. Click the Save Now button to save your changes.

When you change the formatting, a preview appears below.

• The preview content depends on the language you selected when you created the theme.

  • English, Korean, Japanese, and other languages are supported.

• The table of contents and the index(PDF themes only) are shown only in English, regardless of the selected language.

• The preview may differ from the exported output.

Formatting Tips

Fonts

Web themes and PDF themes select fonts in different ways.

Selecting Fonts in Web Themes

Selecting a font in a web theme declares that the web viewer uses a font installed on the user's computer.

If the font declared in the web theme is not installed on the user's computer, the web browser's default font is used. For this reason, set fonts with several operating systems in mind, as follows.

Arial, Helvetica, LiberationSans, sans-serif

These are similar-looking English fonts found on Windows, macOS, and Linux, in that order.

The following are commonly used font settings.

• Arial, sans-serif

• Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif

• Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif

• 'Lucida Grande', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif

• 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif

• Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif

• Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace(font for code)

• 굴림, Gulim, sans-serif

• 돋움, Dotum, sans-serif

• 궁서, Gungsuh, serif

• 바탕, Batang, serif

• '맑은 고딕', 'Malgun Gothic', 굴림, Gulim, sans-serif

• '맑은 고딕', 'Malgun Gothic', 돋움, Dotum, sans-serif

Selecting Fonts in PDF Themes

Selecting a font in a PDF theme sets the font to embed in the PDF file itself. Because the fonts selected in a PDF theme are embedded in the PDF file, they do not depend on the operating system. However, you must pay attention to font licenses.

You can use only the fonts registered in PDF Fonts in PDF themes.

Paragraphs

In the theme's “Paragraph” menu, you set the following options.

Space Before and After Paragraphs

In the theme's “Paragraph” tab, you set the space before and after a paragraph. The space before and after paragraphs separates them.

The space between two paragraphs is the larger of the two values, not the sum of the space after the first paragraph and the space before the second. For example, suppose the paragraphs are arranged as follows.

Heading 1 (space before 0,   space after 3)
Heading 2 (space before 1,   space after 2)
Normal    (space before 0.5, space after 0.5)

The space between Heading 1 and Heading 2 is 3, and the space between Heading 2 and Normal is 2.

Indentation

You set indentation in the 1“Left” and “Right” fields of the “Paragraph” tab. A positive value in the Left field indents the paragraph to the right of other paragraphs.

Note the following when you set indentation.

• A negative(-) value in the Left field creates a 2hanging indent to the left.

• Negative(-) values in both the Left and Right fields make the paragraph wider.

Alignment

In the “Paragraph” tab of text, image, table, and object paragraphs(table of contents in PDF themes), you can set left, right, center, or justified alignment.

Line Height and First-Line Indentation

You can adjust the 1line height in the theme's [General] menu or in the “Paragraph” tab.

In the “Paragraph” tab, you can set the indentation of the paragraph's 2first line. First-line indentation separates paragraphs.

Borders and Padding

You set borders and padding for headings, code, commands, preformatted text, block quotes, epigraphs, notes, tips, cautions, and similar paragraphs.

To set a border, follow these steps.

1. Select the paragraph type to add a border to, and then click the “Border” tab.

2. Select the line style(solid, dotted, dashed, or double), color, and thickness.

   • You can set the top, bottom, left, and right borders separately.

   • For a double line, set the thickness to 3px(or 3pt) or more.

3. Check the preview, and then click the Save Now button.

When you set a border, set the top, bottom, left, and right padding in the “From Text” tab to match the border, so that the border is not drawn too close to the content.

To set padding, follow these steps.

1. Select the paragraph type to add padding to, and then click the “From Text” tab.

2. Set the top, bottom, left, and right padding separately.

3. Check the preview, and then click the Save Now button.

Background

In the menu's “Background” tab, you can set a background color or a background image.

Note the following when you set a background image.

• Set the position of the background image with “Position X” and “Position Y”.

  • Position X: The leftmost edge is 0.

  • Position Y: The topmost edge is 0.

• Select the “repeat method”.

  • No Repeat

  • Repeat Horizontally

  • Repeat Vertically

  • Repeat

Numbering

You can set numbering for headings, code captions, ordered lists, unordered lists, figure captions, table captions, and footnotes. For details, see Numbering.

About em, rem, px, and pt Units

The result depends on the unit you select when you set a value. Note the following when you select a unit.

em

The value is based on the font size set in the General item. For example, if the value set in the General item is 10px, 1em means 10px, 1.1em means 11px, and 0.9em means 9px.

You can use this unit in both web themes and PDF themes, and you can set values as follows.

• Compared to the font size of normal paragraphs, make Heading 1 2 times larger, Heading 2 1.7 times larger, Heading 3 1.5 times larger, and Heading 4 1.2 times larger, and make Heading 5 the same size.

• Make the font size of the code paragraph type 0.9 times the size of normal paragraphs.

• Set the space before and after paragraphs, line height, first-line indentation, and similar values in proportion to the font size.

rem

The value is a multiple of a fixed base value (16px for web themes and 16pt for PDF themes). For example, 1rem means 16px, 1.5rem means 24px, and 2rem means 32px.

You can use this unit in both web themes and PDF themes.

px(pixels)

The size is relative to the display device, such as a monitor. You can use this unit only in web themes.

pt(points)

A print unit with a fixed size. You can use this unit only in PDF themes.

Guide to Key Items

You set formatting by paragraph type and character type. The main items are as follows.

General

Sets the basic formatting that affects the entire theme. Unless you set them separately, other items inherit the values set in General.

Font, Heading Font, and Code Font

Using too many fonts, or only one font, in a document reduces readability. Choose fonts based on the document type and the readers, and try not to use more than two or three fonts, which is the most suitable number.

To combine fonts well, set different fonts for headings and body text. Also set a code font for code-related paragraph and character types, which must use a monospaced font.

Font Size and Font Color

The font size set in General is the base for values in em units in individual items. Therefore, you cannot set the font size in em units in the “General” item.

Unless set separately, other items inherit the font color.

Alignment and Hyphenation

In the theme's “General” item, you can select only left alignment or justified alignment.

If you select “Justify” for alignment in a PDF theme, you may need to set Hyphenation in the line break option. For details, see PDF Hyphenation.

Line Break Option

In the theme's “General” item, you can set whether words can break.

Use the 1line break option to set how words break at the end of a line.

Enable Word Break

Allows a line to break within a word.

Disable Word Break

Does not allow a line to break within a word.

Hyphenation

Allows a line to break within a word, like Enable Word Break, and inserts a hyphen where the line breaks.

Supported only in PDF themes.

Text Paragraphs

• You can set numbering for headings, code captions, ordered lists, and unordered lists.

• You can set borders and backgrounds for headings, headlines, code, commands, preformatted text, block quotes, epigraphs, notes, tips, cautions, and similar paragraphs.

Indenting Sections Under Heading Paragraphs

In a PDF document, the section under a heading is indented as follows.

To set indentation for the section under a heading paragraph, follow these steps.

1. Select the PDF theme to apply section indentation to.

2. In the “Paragraph” tab of the “Heading” menu, set the “Section Indentation” value.

   • You can set it for Heading 1 through Heading 5.

3. Click the Save Now button.

Numbering for Ordered and Unordered Lists

In web themes, numbering for Ordered List 1/2/3 and Unordered List 1/2/3 supports only the Number Style option.

Also note the following.

• You can check whether word spacing is applied in the preview only for text that contains a space between two or more words. (Example: web browser)

• In web themes, if you select right or center alignment in the Paragraph tab of Ordered List 1/2/3 and Unordered List 1/2/3, only the text moves and the marker position does not change.

  • Even if you set text-align to center or right on the HTML ol and ul tags, the marker stays on the left.

Step Paragraphs

• Step paragraphs do not support first-line indentation.

Image Paragraphs

• You can set the figure caption position to “Top” or “Bottom”.

  • If you change the figure caption position, you must also set the top and bottom space again.

• To make an image wider than text paragraphs, set the “Left” and “Right” space to values less than 0.

  • If you do this, we recommend setting the alignment to “Center”.

Table Paragraphs

• A table paragraph consists of the table, table caption, table header cells, and table cells.

• The formatting you can set depends on each item.

  • You set the relevant formatting among font, paragraph, numbering, border, padding, and background.

• You cannot set a background image for table paragraphs. You can set only a background color.

  • The background color set for table header cells and table cells takes precedence over the one set for the table item.

Table

• You cannot set the table border in the Table item.

• In the Table item, you set the position(alignment), the space between paragraphs(margin), and the indentation(hanging indent) of the table paragraph.

• In the Table item, you can set the caption position of the table paragraph to “Top” or “Bottom”.

  • If you change the table caption position, you must set the details again in the “Paragraph” tab of the table caption.

Table Paragraph Alignment

When the total width of the table is less than 100%, you can set the position of the table paragraph in “Alignment” of the Table item. Select left, right, or center alignment.

To set the table width to less than 100%, see Setting Column Widths.

Table Caption

• You can set the font and numbering of the table caption.

• You can set the space between the table caption and the table, the position of the table caption(left, right, center, or justified), the indentation of the table caption(hanging indent), and more.

Table Header Cells and Table Cells

• Set the borders of table header cells and table cells.

• Set the text position, line height, and first-line indentation within cells.

Setting Alignment and Padding for Table Cells (Table Header Cells)

• In “Alignment” in the “Paragraph” tab of table cells and table header cells, you can set the position of text within cells(left, right, center, or justified).

  • The theme sets the text alignment of all table cells and all table header cells, but you can set the text position of each cell separately in the editor's “Table Cell Options (more_horiz)”, which takes precedence.

• In the “From Text” tab of table cells and table header cells, you can set the space between the text and the borders(top, bottom, left, and right).

Object Paragraphs

Table of Contents

• You can set this only in PDF themes.

• It does not appear in the preview, but in the PDF file a dotted line is drawn between the title and the page number.

Index

• You can set this only in PDF themes.

• Column Count: Sets the layout of the index list(1, 2, or 3 columns).

• Name/Page Separator: Enter the separator between an index entry and its page numbers.

  • The default is a comma followed by a space(", ").

Footnote

• You can draw a line between the body text and the notes. You can set the space between the line and the notes.

• You can place footnotes in a table below the table.

  • Select “Place the notes in a table below the table.”

• Only solid lines are supported. You can set the color, thickness, and more.

Blank Page

• You can set this only in PDF themes.

• Label: Use this to add text such as “This page intentionally left blank.” to a blank page.

Horizontal Line

• Only solid lines are supported.

• You can set the position of the horizontal line(left, right, or center alignment).

Character Types

Note the following when you format character types.

• We recommend selecting “Inherit” for the font style. With Inherit, when the same character type appears in both a Heading 1 paragraph and a normal paragraph, it uses the font set for each paragraph type. The code character type, which uses a monospaced font, is an exception.

• We recommend not setting the font size or using 1em. If you set an arbitrary value in px or pt, the text may look out of proportion with the paragraph type.

• You can set the background color and text color of the callout character type. This is supported only in the web viewer and in HTML and PDF files. MS Word is not supported.

• You can set the format of footnote numbers.

Copying a Theme

To copy a theme, follow these steps.

1. Go to the <Style | Theme> menu.

2. In the theme list, click the <Copy> link of the theme to copy.

   • The copy is named with Copy of added before the theme name.

Deleting a Theme

To delete a theme, follow these steps.

1. Go to the <Style | Theme> menu.

2. In the theme list, click the <Delete> link of the theme to delete.

Customizing Web Themes with CSS

To customize a web theme with CSS, see 웹 테마 CSS로 꾸미기.

Using Web Fonts

To use web fonts, see 웹 글꼴 설정하기.

1. Technically, an EPUB is a bundle of HTML files. For this reason, there is no separate EPUB theme; EPUB files use web themes.
2. You must use a monospaced font.