전환 표현(Transition Expressions)

또는 접속 부사(conjunctive adverb)라고도 한다.

전환 표현의 역할

문장 중간이 아니라 주로 문장 처음에 씁니다.
완전한 문장과 문장을 이어 주며, 보통 앞에 콤마(,) 가 붙습니다.
although, while, whereas 처럼 종속절을 만드는 접속사는 아니고, 문장 연결용 표현에 가깝습니다.

접속사(although, because 등)는 문장 구조를 만들고, 전환 표현(however, on the other hand 등)은 문장과 문장 사이 연결을 담당합니다.

전환 표현의 유형

대조/역접(Contrasting)

두 가지 사실이나 의견을 비교·대조할 때

표현	의미	예문
however	그러나	The hotel was expensive. However, the service was excellent.
on the other hand	반면에	I enjoy city life. On the other hand, it can be noisy.
in contrast	대조적으로	The north is cold. In contrast, the south is warm.
on the contrary	오히려, 정반대로	He said it was easy. On the contrary, it was difficult.
nevertheless/nonetheless	그럼에도 불구하고	She was tired. Nevertheless, she kept working.
still/yet	그럼에도	He is strict. Yet he is fair.

추가/나열(Adding Information)

정보를 덧붙일 때

표현	의미	예문
also/too/as well	또한	She speaks English. She speaks French too.
in addition	게다가	The room was clean. In addition, it was spacious.
furthermore	더욱이	He is talented. Furthermore, he is humble.
moreover	게다가	The plan is good. Moreover, it is practical.

예시(Giving Examples)

예시를 들 때

표현	의미	예문
for example/for instance	예를 들어	Good communication skills are essential in the workplace. For example, employees must listen carefully and respond clearly.

원인/이유(Cause & Reason)

이유를 설명할 때

표현	의미	예문
therefore	그러므로	He was sick. Therefore, he stayed home.
thus	따라서	The road was icy, and thus dangerous.
as a result	결과적으로	It rained hard. As a result, the game was canceled.
hence	그러므로	He is young, and hence inexperienced.

시간/순서(Order & Time)

시간적 흐름이나 절차를 나타낼 때

표현	의미	예문
first/second/finally	첫째/둘째/마지막으로	First, wash your hands.
then/next	그 다음에	We ate dinner. Then we watched TV.
afterwards	그 후에	We went shopping. Afterwards, we had coffee.
in the meantime	그 동안에	She cooked. In the meantime, I set the table.

강조(Emphasis)

중요한 점을 강조할 때

표현	의미	예문
indeed	실제로	The idea is good. Indeed, it may save money.
in fact	사실상	She looks young. In fact, she is over 40.
above all	무엇보다도	Above all, be honest.